Test Ethics Essay -- Beneficence, Nonmaleficence

Exam Part BBeneficence versus NonmaleficenceThe two principles in focalize are kindness and nonmaleficence. Nonmaleficence is often paired with beneficence however in that respect is a difference amidst these two principles (Rich, 2008). According to Beauchamp & Childress (2009) conflating beneficence and nonmaleficence into a one principle obscures classical distinctions. In addition, both of these ethical principles beneficence and nonmaleficence are strengthened by state nursing practice acts, which mandate that nurses are legitimately obligated to guard duty patients and the profession (Bjarnason & LaSala, 2011). We will discuss both beneficence and nonmalficence principles and how they are both important to the nursing profession.The principle of beneficence is concerned with a moral compact to act for the benefits of others (Kennedy, 2004). Additionally, beneficence is the principle consisting of deeds such as mercy, kindness, and charity (Rich, 2008). There are o ther forms of beneficence including altruism, love, and humanity (Beauchamp & Childress, 2009). We subprogram beneficence in order to cover beneficent actions more broadly, so that it includes all forms of action to benefit other persons (Beauchamp & Childress, 2009). Overall, beneficence implies that an individual takes action to do good by benefiting others and facilitating their well-being. Beneficence as well as requires that benefits are balanced against risks and costs (Kennedy, 2004). In order for a person to do good, they must also consider the set of individual in question (Bjarnason & LaSala, 2011). Health care professionals have a duty to exercise beneficence towards their patients. Nurses have a more stringent covenant to act according to the benefi... ...ay arise between health care professionals, nurses, and the patient and family. Most often, when an ethical dilemma occurs, nurses most make a choice between the two equally unfavorable alternatives.An exam ple of an ethical dilemma would be a client who refuses to take their blood pressure medical specialty however establish on impropriety they have the right to. The nurse may not be able to follow the principles of beneficence and autonomy at the same duration because respecting patient autonomy means the nurse is not able to fulfill the obligation to do good for the patient. However, in this case, if the patient was adapted the principle of autonomy would take priority. Abortion is another example of an ethical dilemma faced in the medical profession. For instance, some doctors are against abortion, yet there are accredited others who have no problem at all doing it. Test Ethics Essay -- Beneficence, NonmaleficenceExam Part BBeneficence versus NonmaleficenceThe two principles in focus are beneficence and nonmaleficence. Nonmaleficence is often paired with beneficence however there is a difference between these two principles (Rich, 2008). According to Be auchamp & Childress (2009) conflating beneficence and nonmaleficence into a single principle obscures important distinctions. In addition, both of these ethical principles beneficence and nonmaleficence are strengthened by state nursing practice acts, which mandate that nurses are legally obligated to safeguard patients and the profession (Bjarnason & LaSala, 2011). We will discuss both beneficence and nonmalficence principles and how they are both important to the nursing profession.The principle of beneficence is concerned with a moral obligation to act for the benefits of others (Kennedy, 2004). Additionally, beneficence is the principle consisting of deeds such as mercy, kindness, and charity (Rich, 2008). There are other forms of beneficence including altruism, love, and humanity (Beauchamp & Childress, 2009). We use beneficence in order to cover beneficent actions more broadly, so that it includes all forms of action to benefit other persons (Beauchamp & Childress, 2009). Overall, beneficence implies that an individual takes action to do good by benefiting others and facilitating their well-being. Beneficence also requires that benefits are balanced against risks and costs (Kennedy, 2004). In order for a person to do good, they must also consider the values of individual in question (Bjarnason & LaSala, 2011). Health care professionals have a duty to exercise beneficence towards their patients. Nurses have a more stringent obligation to act according to the benefi... ...ay arise between health care professionals, nurses, and the patient and family. Most often, when an ethical dilemma occurs, nurses most make a choice between the two equally unfavorable alternatives.An example of an ethical dilemma would be a client who refuses to take their blood pressure medication however based on autonomy they have the right to. The nurse may not be able to follow the principles of beneficence and autonomy at the same time because respecting patient auton omy means the nurse is not able to fulfill the obligation to do good for the patient. However, in this case, if the patient was competent the principle of autonomy would take priority. Abortion is another example of an ethical dilemma faced in the medical profession. For instance, some doctors are against abortion, yet there are certain others who have no problem at all doing it.

The End of Male Dominance Essay example -- Patriarchy Literature

Patriarchy is a form of social organization in which a potent is the head of the family and has alone the power to mince and be a dominant individual. Male control is an ever present concept in society plainly women found a way to repugn this notion and overcome the hardships of male elitism. In Nervous Conditions by Tsitsi Dangarembga is focused on the colonized African rank called the Sigauke clan. The novel examines unequal power traffic between men and women in the Sigauke clan which is largely steeped in tradition. The women in the story argufy the practices of male control condition usually unsuccessful but each of these women make an effort to question some of decisions that were righteous of the patriarch. The women also break out of the role of domesticity and servility to the astonishment of the men. The Awakening by Kate Chopin and Things fall unconnected by Chinua Achebe are very similar to the notion of woman challenging male elitism. The narrator, Tambu is c ulturally restricted to roles that denied her hazard to rise above domesticity. Tambu is trapped which is visualized when her mother says, and these days its worse, with the poverty of blackness on one side and the weight of womanhood on the other (16). Tambus story traces her hardships from early childhood she has to cultivate the fields, fetch the water from Nyamarira river, look after her young siblings, and cook for the family. Many of these roles obstructed her chances of attending school, her brother, Nhamo, on the other hand is able to study. He is privileged to attend school despite the family having to eke out a living. The relationship between Tambu and Nhamo is reduced to that of the privileged and the non-privileged. Nhamo has all the opportunities becau... ...iety by the men. Men always painting the women to be the housewife and nurture the children whereas the men are the ones that go to work and bring food to the table. This idea is contradicted in this story, ma ny women play powerful roles that challenge the men. Education is a huge part of it because with knowledge becomes power and many of the women in the story are educated. another(prenominal) way in how women challenged male dominance is by standing up to them to what they believe and defending themselves.Works CitedAchebe, Chinua. Things Fall Apart. Ed. Edel Rodriquez. rising York Reed Consumer Books. 1994. target 3-209Chopin, Kate. The Awakening. Ed. Elaine Showalter. New York Alfred A. Knopf. 1992. Print 1-221Dangarembga, Tsitsi. Nervous Conditions. Ed. Holmes, Martha Stoddard. Oxfordshire Ayebia Clarke Publishing Ltd, 2004. Print 1-208. The End of Male Dominance Essay example -- Patriarchy LiteraturePatriarchy is a form of social organization in which a male is the head of the family and has all the power to control and be a dominant individual. Male dominance is an ever present concept in society but women found a way to challenge this notion and overcome the h ardships of male elitism. In Nervous Conditions by Tsitsi Dangarembga is focused on the colonized African clan called the Sigauke clan. The novel examines unequal power relations between men and women in the Sigauke clan which is largely steeped in tradition. The women in the story challenge the practices of male dominance usually unsuccessful but each of these women make an effort to question some of decisions that were righteous of the patriarch. The women also break out of the role of domesticity and servility to the surprise of the men. The Awakening by Kate Chopin and Things fall apart by Chinua Achebe are very similar to the notion of woman challenging male elitism. The narrator, Tambu is culturally restricted to roles that denied her opportunity to rise above domesticity. Tambu is trapped which is portrayed when her mother says, and these days its worse, with the poverty of blackness on one side and the weight of womanhood on the other (16). Tambus story traces her hardships from infancy she has to cultivate the fields, fetch the water from Nyamarira river, look after her young siblings, and cook for the family. Many of these roles obstructed her chances of attending school, her brother, Nhamo, on the other hand is able to study. He is privileged to attend school despite the family having to eke out a living. The relationship between Tambu and Nhamo is reduced to that of the privileged and the non-privileged. Nhamo has all the opportunities becau... ...iety by the men. Men always picture the women to be the housewife and nurture the children whereas the men are the ones that go to work and bring food to the table. This idea is contradicted in this story, many women play powerful roles that challenge the men. Education is a huge part of it because with knowledge becomes power and many of the women in the story are educated. Another way in how women challenged male dominance is by standing up to them to what they believe and defending themselves.Works Ci tedAchebe, Chinua. Things Fall Apart. Ed. Edel Rodriquez. New York Reed Consumer Books. 1994. Print 3-209Chopin, Kate. The Awakening. Ed. Elaine Showalter. New York Alfred A. Knopf. 1992. Print 1-221Dangarembga, Tsitsi. Nervous Conditions. Ed. Holmes, Martha Stoddard. Oxfordshire Ayebia Clarke Publishing Ltd, 2004. Print 1-208.

Tragedy in Oedipus the King and Dolls House Essay example -- essays r

Faults Written in the Stars During the Ancient Grecian time periods, tragedy meant death because one defied against an outer prophecy. new-made day tragedy was simply realism, the unspoken way of life. In Sophocles Oedipus the King and Ibsens A Dolls House, the main characters - Nora and Oedipus, are both constructed to illustrate flaws in society and how crude people are. Ibsen and Sophocles both developed tragedy into a central idea that all people surreptitiously understand. Nora and Oedipus make incompetent decisions that assist in discovering their important nature as tragic heroes and provoke sorrow and pity among the audience.Oedipus lived his entire life in a dark shadow of ignorance, just like Nora. Oedipus prototype of a tragic hero begins as an all-powerful, honorable king that believed he could solve any riddle, and acts rapidly on decisions. Oedipus lacked complete self knowledge, I forget speak out now as a stranger to the story, a stranger to the crime . If Id been present then, there would have been no mystery, no long hunt without clue in hand (Oe...

Shakespeares View On Love Essay example -- William Shakespeare

Shakespeares View on LoveShakespeares plays are very forceful with how he ties love into them. Shakespeare always adds comedy or tragedy to any romance that might be taking place. For example in Twelfth darkness, As You like It and Romeo and Juliet there is romance but he also puts comedy in there so love is not that easy. In the play Othello he makes it into a tragedy which makes the love even harder to take place. Shakespeare has always found a way to make love as complicated as he can which leads me to believe that he feels that you must work for love and it should not be handed to you. Love is already complicated, but when Shakespeare is involved he makes trustworthy at least two things come around that can make it harder for those who are in love to actually stay in love. Twelfth Night is a romantic comedy which leads to romantic love being the main focus of the play. In this play, Shakespeare shows that love can cause pain. He does this by do a love triangle which i ncludesViola likes Duke butDuke likes Olivia and Olivia like Cesario who is actually Viola disguised as her twin brother. Because of this confusing love triangle, some of the characters await to view love as a curse. They also claim to suffer painfully from being in love or from the pangs of unrequited love. In dally 1 scene 5, Olivia describes love as a plague from which she suffers terribly. In Act 1 scene 1, Orsino depicts love dolefully as an appetite that he wants to satisfy and cannot. Another example of the characters not liking love is in Act 2 scene 2 when Viola says My state is desperate for my grasps love. This quote relates to the violence in Act 5 scene 1 when Orsino threatens to kill Cesario because he thin... ...and they bequeath go together. Clubs cannot part them. Act 5 scene 2This bud of love by summers ripening breath may prove a beauteous flower when undermentioned we meet. Romeo and Juliet Act 2 scene 1She loved me for the dangers I had passed, and I loved her that she did pity them. Othello Act 1 scene 3Give me my Romeo and, when he shall die, take him and cut him out in little stars, and he will make the face of heaven so fine that all the world will be in love with night and pay no worship to the garish sun. Romeo and Juliet Whats in a name? That which we call a move by any other word would smell as sweet. Romeo and JulietBut, soft what light through yonder window breaks? it is the east, and Juliet is the sun. Romeo and JulietGood night, good night, parting is such(prenominal) sweet sorrow, that I shall say good night till it be morrow. Romeo and Juliet

How Dole Could Have Used The Issues To His Advantage :: essays research papers

How Dole Could Have Used The Issues To His AdvantageIn a more or less button-down country, the more or less conservativecandidate, Bob Dole, should have been a lock for the presidency the onlyproblem was President Clinton. Clinton had moved arightward positioning himself mingled with Newt Gingrichs zealous revolutionaries on the right and liberaldemocratic barons on the left. Clintons speeches started sounding like aRepublican was giving them. Bob Dole had followed the Nixon political theory of going"starboard" in the primaries and coming back to the center in the generalelection. The only question was whether Dole had gone too far right and wouldnot be able to recover in time. With Clintons move to the right and hisadvantage of incumbency, Bob Dole would have to present some exciting tonic ideasto win over the American people.Throughout the history of presidential elections, there have been a fewissues that always appear abortion, crime and the economy. The position t akenby candidates on these issues could make or break their campaign.The first of these issues, abortion, has been a hotbed of controversy. Thepro-life versus the pro-choice groups. Throughout his political career,President Clinton has been adamant on accompaniment a womens right to choose.Clinton stands firm on the fact that abortions should be "safe, legal and rare"without many unnecessary restrictions. To further show his hard stance onabortion, Clinton vetoed a bill in April that would have ostracizened a rarely usedprocedure termed "partial birth abortions." President Clinton defended hisdecision, calling it justifiable in extreme situations, such as cases of rape,incest and to save the life of the mother. Unlike Bosnia and gays in themilitary, Clinton has not wavered on this issue. Bob Dole on the other hand hastaken just the opposite stance on abortion. Dole opposed the 1973 Roe v. Wadedecision that legalized abortion. In 1983 he voted for a constitutionalam endment to overturn this colony but has since softened his stand andsupported an amendment to restrict abortion except in cases of rape, incest andif the life of the mother is in danger. Dole, not surprisingly, supported a banon "partial birth abortions" and has condemned President Clinton for vetoing it,saying, "A partial birth abortion blurs the line between abortion andinfanticide, and crosses an ethical and legal line we must never cross." Dolesposition could pose a potential obstacle to the presidency. His stance isresponsible for his huge gender gap. Women perceive Dole as rigid and deadened to their needs. What Dole must do is stick to his guns but reassure

How Dole Could Have Used The Issues To His Advantage :: essays research papers

How Dole Could Have Used The Issues To His AdvantageIn a more or less orthodox country, the more or less conservativecandidate, Bob Dole, should ca-ca been a lock for the presidency the onlyproblem was prexy Clinton. Clinton had moved disciplineward positioning himselfbetween Newt Gingrichs zealous revolutionaries on the right and liberaldemocratic barons on the left. Clintons speeches started sounding like aRepublican was giving them. Bob Dole had followed the Nixon ideology of going"starboard" in the primaries and advent back to the center in the generalelection. The only question was whether Dole had gone too far right and wouldnot be able to rule in time. With Clintons move to the right and hisadvantage of incumbency, Bob Dole would have to present some exciting new ideasto win over the American people.throughout the history of presidential elections, there have been a fewissues that always appear abortion, crime and the economy. The position takenby candidates on these issues could make or break their campaign.The first of these issues, abortion, has been a hotbed of controversy. Thepro-life versus the pro-choice groups. Throughout his political career,President Clinton has been adamant on supporting a womens right to choose.Clinton stands firm on the fact that abortions should be "safe, legal and rare"without many unnecessary restrictions. To further show his hard stance onabortion, Clinton vetoed a bill in April that would have banned a rarely usedprocedure termed "partial birth abortions." President Clinton defended hisdecision, calling it justifiable in extreme situations, such as cases of rape,incest and to barely the life of the mother. Unlike Bosnia and gays in themilitary, Clinton has not wavered on this issue. Bob Dole on the other hand hastaken just the opposite stance on abortion. Dole opposed the 1973 Roe v. Wadedecision that legalized abortion. In 1983 he voted for a constitutionalamendment to overturn this sett lement but has since softened his stand andsupport an amendment to restrict abortion except in cases of rape, incest andif the life of the mother is in danger. Dole, not surprisingly, supported a banon "partial birth abortions" and has condemned President Clinton for vetoing it,saying, "A partial birth abortion blurs the line between abortion andinfanticide, and crosses an ethical and legal line we must never cross." Dolesposition could pose a potential obstacle to the presidency. His stance isresponsible for his huge gender gap. Women perceive Dole as rigid andinsensitive to their needs. What Dole must do is overreach to his guns but reassure

Resemblence Between Christ and Aslan Essay

In the first two books, Aslan is a clear-cut figure. Aslan is what Jesus would be like in Narnia. He acts as a parallel and inspires fear in his enemies and love and devotion in his friends. He makes the four children high kings and queens, and banishes evil from his kingdom. It is like a fairy tale. He undergoes development through the sequence of seven books though, becoming more distanced and formal. In The Voyage of the Dawn Treader, Aslan seems more distant he appears in other forms, such as a lamb. In the New Testament, Christ is depicted as a lamb.Lewis deepens the spiritual experience of his characters by making Aslan harder to find. credit now enters into the equation, belief without seeing. An example is the mouse Reepicheep, who is determined to find Aslans Country (symbolizing Heaven), even if he has to swim to the end of the world to do so.The conk out two Chronicles address the beginning and end of Narnia. The Magicians Nephew gives us Narnias Genesis account. Here As lan is established as the Creator and he sings Narnia into existence. It is genuinely similar to the story in Genesis of God creating the world. Aslan tells the creatures, I give to you forever this land of Narnia. I give you the woods, the fruits, the riversThe Dumb Beasts whom I have not chosen are yours also.Other examples of the similarities between Christ and Aslan include when Aslan says I am the great Bridge-builder. Christ in the New Testament besides says, I am the Way, the Door In The Horse and His Boy Aslan tells Touch me. Smell me. Here are my paws, here is my tail, these are my whiskers which is like Jesus give tongue to John to touch his hands and side when he doubts Him. Another resemblance is that the blood of both Jesus and Aslan can bring the dead to life. A down of blood from Aslans pierced paw revives the dead Prince Caspian and brings him to a younger version of himself in The Silver Chair. Christs shed blood has the tycoon to resurrect believers into new l ife too. In the same book, Aslan replies I am which parallels the reply God gave Moses, I Am Who I Am.There is a Stone Table in The Lion, the Witch, and the Wardrobe that is where the Witch slew Aslan. However, the Witch did not know of magic even older than the stone table that when a willing victim who had committed no treachery was killed in a traitors stead, the Table would crack and Death itself would start working retrospective. This mimics the resurrection of Jesus after(prenominal) He dies on the cross. After the resurrection of both Christ and Aslan, it is first discovered by the female followers. In this case it being Susan and Lucy for Aslan and bloody shame Magdalene along with the other women for Christ. After Aslan returns to life, he goes to the White Witchs castle and breaths life back into the creatures she had once turned into stone. Jesus creates life after death after he resurrects and holds the keys of death and Hell. The Bible and The Chronicles of Narnia ha ve a shared likeness.

Survey In Forensic Toxicology Health And Social Care Essay

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Customer is King: Evolution of the Retail Food Industry Essay

It is common understanding that you squeeze out non have a origin if you do not have nodes to buy the product you produce or services you deliver because guest is an integral part of every backup. There was a time when clients was treated less critical and vocal by the businesses and markets was treated just as dumping grounds for the products, however this situation does not run for any more than because of the tremendous transformation happening in the retail food manufacturing since last five decades. Today customers have more choices than ever before, through more diverse channels.Even the expectations of customer atomic number 18 high than ever before. Companies who fail to leave up to the expectation atomic number 18 finding hard to get or retain the customers- Majority of the unsatisfied customer do not complain they just change the suppliers. thusly retailers have realised that the save way to sustain in the warring market is by cosmos customer centric. (Barne s & Glynn, 1993) Today every businesses treat customer as king and aware that only exceptional level of customer service can break up them from the competition in an increasingly saturated marketplace.Customer is often treated as the addition of the company and considered in the strategic level decision making. accordingly I certainly agree with this frequently used marketing cliche customer is king. To better explain my position I have presented my views found on two contexts. The first being how customer is king? This is explained by describing the customers role in the evolution of the retail food pains and its implications. The second being why customer is king? This is explained by detailing the significance of customers in the retail food business.The evolution of the retail food industry and its implications Retail food industry has undergone a tremendous transformation in the last five decades, these transformations can be classified into four different casts- Predevelo pment, Development, loudness and Decline phase (Terbeek, 1999). During the predevelopment phase shopping was a social event, relationships between the customer and grocer was important. Shopping experience was logical, retail was more of a personalised business where the customer was treated as an undivided and his or her needs were well known and understood by the businesses.Also on that point existed a long limit personal relationship between the businesses and the customer (Steidtman, 2005). consequently during this phase more emphasis was given to the customer and customer service, however this situation did not prevail long. During the development phase, small and neighbourhood stores started to decline due to the raise of supermarket. Customers were no more trusting grocer rather they started to trust brands. No longer there existed a personal relationship between the businesses and the customer.Even management was importantised and employees were ignorant of the custome r behaviour, old values which existed during the predevelopment stage relating to employee and customer relationship almost disappeared, the customer becomes a consumer. However due to logistics efficiency and introduction in new model of central buying and distribution of standard products to standard stores led in the decline of product prices. Even though retailer was the ultimate connection to the customer but manufacturer had more control all over the market pick out and retailer was just acting as distributor.Manufacturer assumed that every market was standard and started using push marketing model to sell his products, and so emphasis on customer was neglected and customer service was taken a backseat (Terbeek, 1999) During the saturation phase the competition between the retailers intensified, there was a exclude of many stores even the products amplifyd from 8000 to 30000 items and above, which resulted in making a decision making stressful for the customers.However th e ontogeny of the industry slowdown and the real growth for supermarkets came from pickings businesses away from each other. Marketing cost intensified because of the competition between supermarkets, even value created by supermarkets become less easy to abstract because of the availability of the identical products in every store. Therefore Price become the way for many stores to differentiate them, which gave rise to the new mantra of super markets called more products and frown prices.Competition among the manufacturers also heated up which led retailers to get better incentives for the self-s pacing. Therefore retailers was busy concerned on making deal money which was more profitable then customer service, Customer was almost invisible and the relationship between the retailer and the customer no longer existed(Terbeek, 1999). During the decline phase the capacity of the supermarkets reduced drastically by the entry of fast food chains and low cost department stores (Wal- Mart, Target etc. which started competing for the stomach share of the consumer. Therefore retailers try to differentiate themselves by introducing new merchandising strategies such as home meal replacement and solution selling, also another strategy for growth was geographic expansion through consolidation and globalisation. Retailers were more concerned on making profits and increasing market share, however even in this phase they neglected the fact that customer is one of the important asset and failed to be customer oriented.Therefore retailers still moved even further away from the customer. spare-time activity the decline phase of the retail food market is the current (2000+) situation which can perhaps be termed as the frictionless phase (Terbeek, 1999). Its not surprising that in this phase, the focus is once again on the customer. The one size fits all concept of retail is no longer applicable and there is need to deliver personalized services and products on an individua l basis to distinguish them from others and to stay ahead in the market.Therefore customer has become the central focus in this era, even the retailers have realised that customer service, customer obedience and customer computer memory plays a major role in gross gross revenue and profitability of the concern. Thanks to Technological transformation, which has enabled retail to return to what it once a personalised business, straight off businesses have realised that customer is a strategic asset of the organisation and treating customer as a King is vital for the long term sustainability. Significance of customers in the retail food businessThe food and swallow market is often the largest industrial sector in developed economies. In the US, expenditures on food in both retail stores and food service establishments accounting system for nearly 30 percent of all retail spending. Food retailing alone is among the largest of all retailing sectors in most countries(Gomez, McLaugh lin, & Wittink, 2003). The most recent Consumer cost Survey from the Department of Labour indicates that 58 percent of food expenditures are on food consumed at home and Groceries represent a $700 billion business in US alone (George, 2005).Due to the market size today retail sector is not only growing in the rapid pace but also becoming more competitive, even the customers have become more demanding than ever. Retailers have realised that the only way to sustain in the competitive market is through specialty Rita Heise of Cargill says differentiation must be a top priority of almost any company today (Tuck, 2003). Today differentiation in terms of pricing, product offering are also becoming commonplace so companies need new ways to differentiate themselves.In the bourn of finding differentiating strategies, retailers have realised that the only way of differentiating them form others is by being customer centric(Gomez et al. , 2003). Today customers are vital for the retail busi nesses, treating customers like a King is really important because this leads to more satisfied customers. The more satisfied the customers are, the more loyal the customers forget be- which in turn helps in maintaining customer loyalty.Therefore customer satisfaction, customer loyalty and customer retention all these three terms are interrelated which has a significant impact on the profitability, sales and market share of the businesses. Customer satisfaction Customer satisfaction and retention are generally considered among the most important long term objectives of firms (Cooil, Keiningham, Aksoy, & Hsu, 2007). The satisfied customers will remain loyal to the company and also create a positive brand image by word of mouth. In recent research of over 1,000 kiwis, respondents said they were twice as likely to tell others about a bad experience over a positive one.With stories being told online, rather than person-to-person, they are accessible to a much wider audience and live o n long after the initial compromising incident occurred (Meyer, 2011). Therefore businesses which fail to meet the customer expectations will not only lose customers but also may create a negative brand image. Linking customer satisfaction and customer loyalty/retention The marketing concept suggests that a satisfied buyer will likely return to purchase again, or at least, consider purchasing again(Keith, 1960). accord to Reichheld and Sasser repeat customers cost less to serve than new buyers, benefiting a firms cost structure. Additionally, maximizing customer retention rates and minimizing customer defections are primary strategic objectives for most firms because of the competitive retail environment and low switching costs(Reichheld, 1990). Customer satisfaction is positively linked to loyalty and customer retention, therefore businesses should be customer oriented in order to maximise the profits, market share and also to increase the sales. Linking profitability or market sha re to customer satisfaction and customer loyaltyAccording to one study, a 2 percent increase in customer retention has the same effect on profits as cutting costs by 10 percent. Similarly, a 5 percent reduction in customer defection rate can increase profits by 25-125 percent (Min, 2011). It is logical that both satisfaction and loyalty are directly related to profitability(Pleshko & Baqer, 2008). Loyal and satisfied customers will increase the customer base by positive word of mouth advertising, which in turn increase the market share and also the sales, even lowers the market retention costs. at rest and loyal customers gives businesses a clear understanding about their needs and wants which helps the retailers to grow businesses and profits based on their deep knowledge and understanding of customers. Satisfied customers also create brand equity and even retailers will be insured with better protection during downturn- due to more loyal customers. Therefore today retailers are co ntinuously focusing on keeping their customers happy and satisfied.Businesses which do not satisfy the customers run the risk of customer base eductions, smaller sales and also lose the market share for the retailers who serve better to the customers. Being customer centric cannot be treated simply as the strategy of an individual company because modern food system is complex, dynamic and international (Schaffer, 1998). It includes suppliers of farm inputs, agricultural producers, packaging suppliers, processors and manufacturers, commodity merchants, wholesalers, food retailers, restraints, institutions, and facilitating industries etc. (Schaffer, 1998).Therefore to be winning and competitive, all the players in the food system should be customer centric. Businesses in the food supply chain have realised this and every businesses are taking customer centric approach in the recent years. Todays retail market in the developed world are becoming more customers centric and treating cu stomers as Kings because retailers have realised that customer centric approach is directly linked to profitability of the firm and also can become a key source of competitive differentiation.By excelling at the strategic customer-centric approach can deliver a superior shopping experience that could not only result in consistently high customer satisfaction but also might encourage customers to shop more often and spend more with their favoured retailers. Therefore we can say that today businesses have realised that customers have the power to dictate their profits, market share and also the sales in the businesses, so treating customers as Kings has become vital for the retail businesses success today.

Power of Talk: Who Gets Heard and Why Essay

There is no particular way to march on according the Deborah Tannen as communication is not just saying what you mean unless how one communicates the meaning. Situation varies from one psyche to another. Language communicates ideas but a to a greater extent powerful form of communication is loving behavior . Language recitation is a elatet social behavior that allows us to negotiate relationships and it is influenced by cultural experience . How we talk and express ourselves may be interpreted variedly in other cultures and members of the opposite gender . Deborah Tannen a linguist from Georgetown University did a research on the influence of linguistic style on conversations and human relationships and found that how we learn to speak as children affects our judgment of competence and confidence plus whether we get heard in a discussion later on in adulthood . She found that man and woman communicate differently and just like cross cultural communication, mis ground can occu r. Women according to her research were often everywhere looked when it came to opportunities for promotion because of their lack of self confidence as seen by their male bosses.But women, as Tannen proves have grown up in a different environment to their male colleagues and have learnt to communicate differently to men . This has sometimes been interpreted as being less competent and less confident . An understanding of these differences could lead to better and fairer working environment for both men and women . As children, girls and boys play differently. Girls are more than than potential to learn how to develop a kind relationship with others and focus on common goals alternatively than differences. Girls tend to balances their needs with those of others to avoid seeming over confident or bossy . Boys are more likely to learn how to develop their status in society by playing in large groups of boys whose leadership roles are defined . They are likely to use language to co mmunicate their needs and highlight their abilities rather than down grade them in an attempt to move up the leadership hierarchy . This social behavior is carried on into adulthood and into the workplace resulting in both genders having different communication skills and expressing what they mean.Men tend to be sensitive to the power dynamics of interaction, utter in ways that position themselves as one up and resisting being put in a one-down position by others. Women tend to react more strongly to the rapport dynamic, speaking in ways that fulfil face for others and buffering statements that could be seen as putting others in a one-down position.. This means that women are more likely to down grade their ability and not want to seem as boastful whereas men are more likely to speak exceedingly of their abilities by blowing their own horn . Humans have developed a conversation ritual that demands a certain type of response. Again, Men and women have preferably diverse conversat ional rituals. Women tend to apologies more frequently to express concern and are likely to soften criticism to help the other person save face by being indirect in her feedback.They also ritually switch over compliment by taking the one-down position and expect the other person to understand the exchange ritual and pull them up again with compliments . Men on the other hand, avoid apologies because it puts them in a one-down position. They grew up tone for ways to put others down by criticizing and pushing themselves on top . So for a woman to engage in a compliment exchange with a man by taking the one down position, would find that he will not likely pull her up but rather pull her down further and provide an advice or criticism .This significant characteristic style can put women at a disadvantage in a workplace situation and be judged as lacking in confidence. It is therefore vital for people in management positions to understand the diverse communicatory style of both men an d women in order to take full advantage of talented staff. There is no one right way to communicate as communication depends on the situation, the culture and linguistic style of the people.

How to Do One Thing at a Time

Sample practice test prompts for the CATW Sample 1 Assignment lead astray by reading the going below. How Your Birth Order Influences Your Life trying on The child be put ins known as the familys only child, oldest child, middle child, or youngest child, depending on his birth order. He is thought and talked about as having that place in the family. Both in his mind and in the minds of other people, an important part of his identity is his family position. The other members of the family assume certain attitudes toward each child in name of his birth order.P bents usually expect their oldest child to be more capable and more responsible than the younger children. The oldest child comes to think about himself in the equal way. These ways of seeing himself, of thinking about himself because of his sibling role, become part of his self-concept. Similarly, the middle child may think of himself as able to do things conk out than other people because he is usually more capable than hi s younger siblings. Sometimes, though, he must turn to an older sibling or to his parents for help, and so he thinks of himself as being able to obtain help when he needs it.The youngest child may develop the self-concept that he is less able to do many a(prenominal) things than other people. However, he is non concerned because there are always others around to take care of him. In contrast, the only child tends to think, When my parents are non around, I have no one to turn to for help. So Id better learn to take care of myself as much as possible. The place in the family establishes for the child a detail role to be played within the family group. It influences him to develop certain attitudes toward himself and toward other people and helps him develop specific patterns of behavior. 290 words) Adapted from an rise by Lucille Forer, How Your Birth Order Influences Your Life Adjustment, inWrite to be Read, p. 7. Writing Directions Read the passage preceding(prenominal) and economize an essay responding to the ideas it presents. In your essay, be sure to summarize the passage in your own words, stating the authors most important ideas. Develop your essay by identifying one idea in the passage that you feel is especially significant, and explain its significance. Support your claims with evidence or examples drawn from what you have read, learned in school, and/or personally experienced.Remember to review your essay and make any changes or corrections that are needed to help your reader follow your thinking. You allow for have 90 minutes to complete your essay. Sample 2 AssignmentBegin by reading the passage below. Modern Society and the Quest for merciful Happiness Everywhere, by all means imaginable, people are striving to improve their lives. Yet strangely, my impression is that those living in the materially developed countries, for all their industry, are in some ways less satisfied, are less happy, and suffer more than those living in the least developed countries.Indeed, if we compare the rich with the poor, it often seems that those with postcode are, in fact, the least anxious, though they are plagued with physical pains and suffering. As for the rich, while a few know how to use their wealth intelligently that is to say, not in luxurious living but by sharing it with the needy many do not. They are so caught up with the idea of acquiring appease more that they make no room for anything else in their lives. In their absorption with material wealth, they actually lose the dream of happiness, which riches were to have provided.As a result, they are constantly tormented, torn between doubt about what may happen and the hope of getting more, and plagued with mental and emotional suffering even though outwardly they may appear to be leading entirely successful and comfortable lives. This is suggested both by the high degree and by the disturbing prevalence among the populations of the materially developed countries o f anxiety, discontent, frustration, and depression. Moreover, the inner suffering is clearly connected with growing confusion as to what constitutes morality and what its foundations are. 242 words) From an essay by the Dalai Lama, Modern Society and the Quest for Human Happiness inWrite to be Read, p. 170. Writing Directions Read the passage above and write an essay responding to the ideas it presents. In your essay, be sure to summarize the passage in your own words, stating the authors most important ideas. Develop your essay by identifying one idea in the passage that you feel is especially significant, and explain its significance. Support your claims with evidence or examples drawn from what you have read, learned in school, and/or personally experienced.Remember to review your essay and make any changes or corrections that are needed to help your reader follow your thinking. You will have 90 minutes to complete your essay. Sample 3 AssignmentBegin by reading the passage below . The Woman Who Died in the Waiting Room Esmin Green fell out of her chair in the resting room of Brooklyns largest psychiatrical hospital nearly an hour before anyone realized she was in trouble. For 20 minutes, she writhed and twisted between two chairs under the watchful eye of a security camera whose footage would later be broadcast across the country, spurring a public outcry.Two security guards and two other staff members passed through the room and glanced at the 49-year-old woman, without bothering to check her vital signs or help her up. Nearly 40 minutes after she stopped moving, a nurse walked over and lightly kicked her. By then, she was already dead. The citys medical examiner cited blood clots in her legs as the official cause. As disturbing as the circumstances ofEsmin Greens death were, they should not have come as a surprise.Public hospitals across the country have struggled to provide acute psychiatric care to the poor and uninsured since the early 1960s, when la rge mental hospitals began resolution their doors en masse. Rather than lock them away in cold, uncaring institutions, the thinking went, the mentally ill should be offered a place in society. But with poor outpatient services and a dearth of community-based support, the least fortunate of them have ended up in already overtaxed emergency rooms. They are the poor, the uninsured and the undocumented.Many of them suffer from chronic conditions that could potentially be treated with medication and regular counseling, luxuries most of them cannot afford. With just 50,000 inpatient psychiatric beds for tens of millions of people across the country, the mentally ill typically wait twice as long for treatment as other patient populations do. Its like landing airplanes at JFK airport, says Ken Duckworth, medical director of the National fusion on Mental Illness. There is just no place for them to go. (306 words) adapted from July 12, 2008 Newsweek article, The Woman Who Died in the Wai ting Room by Jeneen Interlandi Writing DirectionsRead the passage above and write an essay responding to the ideas it presents. In your essay, be sure to summarize the passage in your own words, stating the authors most important ideas. Develop your essay by identifying one idea in the passage that you feel is especially significant, and explain its significance. Support your claims with evidence or examples drawn from what you have read, learned in school, and/or personally experienced. Remember to review your essay and make any changes or corrections that are needed to help your reader follow your thinking. You will have 90 minutes to complete your essay.

Motivating a clerical assistant

It has been found out that morale and higher(prenominal) productivity or output always go together. They have a positive correlation. If the worker likes his work, his fellow worker , and the company, his high productivity will bring him step-upd acceptance and prestige among the workers and management, as well as increase in pay and advancement in position. He finds these things rewarding and is stimulated to work conscientiously. As a wise and effective supervisor to the clerical assistant, I should aim at both high morale and high productivity to be developed and sustained during these times and in the coming hectic season. roughly specific things I move do1. Provide good physical conditions for work. I cannot literally give to the assistant because I do not declare the company nor even position myself as the manager. But I will try to influence my big boss/es that those things that can help reform his/her work be provided like small amenities as supply of office materials ne eded to speed up his/her work to a ventilated workplace.2. number work frustration on the job to a minimum by means of a good environment and/or working relationship.3. Treat him/her as one that has a personality that can be hurt. Hence, with the assistant around, I will influence others in treating the assistant as somebody who is needed and moldiness be encouraged by thoughtful words and tact.4. Have a good communication system. This is related with item 3. It is my job to facilitate smooth unravel of interrelationships in the department. I believe I can do this by proper feedback of things that add credit to the assistant and back to others especially the director.The person with high morale has confidence in himself, thinks his work is worth doing and that he is doing a good job (Landy, 1985).Perhaps, one good exchange I can in all probability offer him/her is flexible working hours. I can suggest this to the management especially when the assistant has other pressing respons ibilities at home. Another is schedule trips that can be given away as incentives after the hectic season (Baron, 1983).Reference1. Baron, R. Behavior in Organizations Understanding and Managing the Human Side of Work, Boston Allyn and Bacon, 1983.2. Landy, F.J. psychology of Work Behavior (3rd edition). Dorsey press, 1985.

Starbucks Global Issues

Business capability Starbucks Case Study. Written by Module title Issues in Global Business & Consultancy Module commandment 6IM004 Word count 2902 Contents Introduction3 Methodology4 partnerships profile5 Globalisation6 Globalisation of markets6 Globalisation of ingatheringion7 Antiglobalization protests7 Business ethics8 Employment practices8 tender rights8 Environmental contamination9 Moral obligations9 Conclusion10 References11 Introduction Globalisation referred by Hill (2009) is the shift towards a more integrated world. It is the process of economies, societies and cultures integrated through a global ne devilrk.One of those networks is trade network. This means that there is a movement of materials and goods between national boundaries. Globalisation excessively involves movement of labour and causes a variety of effectuate political respectable, cultural, social, etc. More importantly, the effects brought by it can cause issues that require further investigation. The conclude of this report is to center around a major organisation Starbucks burnt umber berry Company and to carry turn up a depth investigation into its position in global market and issues related to it.The report go away firstly present the enquiry methods used to get the information and justify that. Secondly, exit discuss globalisation and its position in Starbucks Company including censure that exists. Later on, the report will discuss ethical issues raised by the globalisation of the association, including fight practices, valet rights, environmental pollution and moral obligations. Finally, the conclusion will be drawn. Methodology In order to investigate the company and its operations, the research has to be carried out so that issues could be addressed.As set forth by University of Oxford, research comprise creative work undertaken on a systematic understructure in order to increase the stock of k directlyledge, including knowledge of man, culture and so ciety, and the use of this stock of knowledge to think over new applications (2010). The stock of knowledge in this parapraxis refers to the information of the company. Research is carried out to define a series of problems or issues. The context of research has to be described in order to specify wherefore it is important to understand and learn close to raised questions.Also, particular research methods feed to be chosen, described and justification on why they were chosen and what impact it has on the discussion has to be given. To start with, two bloomics to investigate were chosen for the research. The definition of issues was given to understand what information is needed. Then, the research was carried out. There argon divers(prenominal) methods the research can be carried out, however for this case battleground the research was based on the solicitation of qualitative data that already exists.Brassington & Pettit (2003) describe it as a standby data that was collec ted by some unitary else for champion purpose and is later used by someone else for the akin or new(prenominal) purposes. It can include newspapers, magazines, books, web orders, memos, transcripts of conversations, annual reports, etc. This type of research allows one to understand existing theories and anticipate for examples which then may lead to drawing the conclusions some relevant issues. In this case study, numerous sources of secondary data was used books, journal articles, web-sites.Also, statistical and numerical data presented by Power Point presentations was acquired I order to justify theories and identify companys positions. Case study term has to be brought in this context as the research is focusing only one specific objective Starbucks Coffee Company. atomic get along 27 State University (2010) defines case study as a collection and presentation of information of specific factor and drawing a conclusion only about that specific agent. It is a form of qual itative research. Researches canvas a case study do non look for discoveries but focus on exploration and description. in all in all, the methodology used to pass a research helped to build a case study centering around Starbucks Coffee Company, which provided a depth-description of it, raised questions and provided justifications. Finally, after emphasizing the importance of issues and the importance caused to the company, the research allowed drawing the conclusions and giving recommendations. Companys profile Starbucks, first opened in Seattle in 1971 and now operates in over 16,000 locations in 50 countries.The mission of the company is to nurture the humane spirit one person, one cup, and one neighbourhood at a time (Starbucks 2010). The company emphasizes the fact how important it is to Starbucks to come back the best coffee berry to its customers. Therefore it aims to serve coffee gr profess under best conditions, also including ethical and healthy standards. The organ isation sees its employees as the heart of the company and treats them with respect and dignity. It even offers the percentage of the equity to its employees also called partners by the company.The company aims to be known non only for the quality of the coffees it offers but also for be a responsible business. It wants to be respected by customers, partners and suppliers. Therefore Starbucks has established ethical policies to follow we produce identified three areas of focus ethical sourcing, environmental stewardship and community involvement (Starbucks 2010). The company is constantly expanding by adapting international strategy joint ventures or providing licenses to other companies to own and operate Starbucks stores.This is the impact of globalisation which will be discussed further. It is still look for countries to set up in (Jung 2003). Globalisation As mentioned before, globalisation is a shift towards integration of economy, cultures and societies. Hill (2009) identi fies two sectors of globalisation globalisation of markets and globalisation of production. Globalisation of markets Hill (2009) defines globalisation of markets as the merging of very distinctive from the historical point of check and separate national markets into one global unit.He continues explaining that markets converge as consumers tastes and preferences from different countries are beseeming more and more alike. Vrontis et al. (2009) confirms that the world is becoming similar in terms of consumers needs and environmental factors no matter what geographical locations they are in. Moreover, globalisation also stimulates the movement of people from one inelegant to another which means that it is easier for people to learn about different cultures more easily as well as adapt new lifestyles. As consumers have homogeneous demands, similar marketing strategies can be applied worldwide.Starbucks is a facilitator and benefactor of globalisation of markets as it offers the same basic product worldwide. Although there are many proponents of standardisation used globally, there are also supporters of the view that markets cannot be standardized due to cultural influences upon the consumers. Despite that, firms operating internationally, bring their own assets to other countries products, operating strategies, marketing strategies and brand names that can be amended later on. For instance, Starbucks operates in a number of countries with different tastes.If we take UK and China, the coffee served is the same, the brand promotion is similar, the logo used is the same as a result of strengthening brand identity and image, while the food served in stores has the tanginess of the culture the store is located (Simmons 2005). This brings up the standardisation vs. adaptation phenomenon which occurs in global markets. In this case Starbucks uses both approaches by standardizing products (coffees) and promotion campaigns (same image) and adapting to different cult ures (different flavours).Starbucks shows adaptation further by offering green tea leaf frappucinoes in Asia and separate men-only and family areas in Middle East. Due to globalisation and expansion, Starbucks has the largest market share in the industry. pic Picture1 Starbucks locations worldwide (www. pajamadeen. com 2008). Globalisation of production According to Hill (2009) globalisation of production refers to sourcing goods and services from locations around the orchis to take advantage of national differences in the cost and quality of factors of production (labour, energy, land, capital). Outsourcing allows companies to compete ore effectively and advance from economies of scale. Starbucks is the facilitator of globalisation of production as highest quality Arabica beans for coffees are produced in coffee farms in Latin America, Africa and Asia (Starbucks 2010). Although it king seem that globalisation of production can implement high costs on the organisation, in verit y it doesnt. Hill (2009) explains that transportation costs have declined as well as costs of information process due to technological development. These changes now allow Starbucks to achieve their goal to serve best quality coffees by dispersing production system.In this way, the company also enjoys lower prices of production due to ability of the chosen locations to produce coffee beans better than lets say United Kingdom. Moreover, the benefits of globalisation of production can be seen not only by Starbucks but also by people living in production countries as new work places are created. Antiglobalisation protests Although business draws and economists insist that international trade and investment is thrust global markets towards a greater prosperity, stimulates economic growth and helps to create jobs, globalisation has its critics.The actions of the critics are called globalisation protests (Hill 2009). Critics protest against issues raised by globalisation including job lo sses in the industries that are attacked from foreign competitors, unfair issue for unskilled workforce, environmental degradation and cultural imperialism (the use of power to spread the values and habits of foreign arena under the costs of native country The University of Florida Interactive Media Lab 2010). Starbucks is no exception in this case.When it determined to cut 600 stores in the US and 61 in Australia cutting of up to 12,000 jobs in America and 685 in the country, this, as said by British journalist earned VIP status at the top table of brands that anti-globalisation activists love to hate (cited in ONeill 2008). This was criticized as the company betrayed its view about employees seeing in the heart of the company by cutting job places during difficult economic generation in order to save profits. The jobs were most important to immigrants and students to support themselves.Another criticized factor was that the skills gained in the company by the workforce were ha rdly transferable (ONeill 2008). Starbucks was perceived negatively in the UK and other European countries as well. These American bullies (Bloomberg 2005) are blamed for devastating local cafes, treating staff badly and putting its suppliers to poverty. However, Starbucks is trying to reduce criticism by showing the awareness of the countries they get products from Sumatra, Kenya, Guatemala, Costa Rica, Ethiopia, participating and supporting local charities and winning awards.Starbucks leader Howard Schultz explains that the company is trying not to influence other countries and adapting to local cultures by serving the core product adding local tastes. Business ethics The criticism of anti-globalists has increased the number of ethical issues in the company. Hill (2009) defines ethics as the accepted principles of right and wrong that govern the conduct of a person, the members of profession, or the actions of an organisation. estimable strategy is the path of actions conducted by businessmen that do not violate the accepted principles.Many ethical issues in international businesses depend on different political systems, laws, development and cultures. What can be acceptable I one country can be highly restricted in another. Starbucks Coffee Company has a number of ethical issues to be discussed. Employment practices The question often faced by international companies is what employment practices should be applied in the countries they operate. Do the same working hours, wages and benefits should be used? stand in 1999 the concern was raised in Kent, United States, about Starbucks employment practices as the complaints included faulting without pay for swearing or supporting unions, safety issues, unstandartised wage system and denied promotions. To overcome that Shultz introduced healthcare benefits that were welcomed with acclaim for the company. The benefits were also applied for part-time workers that was seen a good implementation of business ethic s by US president (Organic Consumers Association 2010). Moreover, individual complains were handled and opportunities provided for the promotion.In general Starbucks has been rated at no. 16 on the list of nose candy Best Companies to Work for in 2007 (2008) and no. 11 on the list of best companies for women to work too. This leads to the confidence that the company implements good employment strategies. Starbucks offers benefits such as tuition reimbursement, partner benefits, a wellness program. All in all, Starbucks tries to implement a standardized employment strategy in its stores worldwide, providing same benefits to the employees and emphasizing the view of workforce being in the heart of the company. Human rights Basic human rights are still not accepted in certain countries.The companies have to inform their employees about the human law so that practices they conduct would be correct. However, Starbucks has already suffered from misconduct of human rights. One of the mos t obvious examples goes to declination 2010 when staff locked up opponents of the regime in Bahrain in a branch in the capital Manama (Spencer 2010). The company had to rationalize for the incident. Talking about the human rights within the organization, Starbucks is committed to treat all employees equally with the provision of human rights and eliminating discriminatory practices (Starbucks 2010).The company has Starbucks Global Human Rights Policy which guides employees and protects the unique rights of children to pursue basic education as a priority over work, prohibits forced labor, supports the rights of employees to engage in free association, and supports the provision of equal human rights to all persons (Starbucks 2010). Environmental pollution Ethical issues arise when environmental regulations differ between the home country of the company and other nations the organisation operates (Hill, 2009).Less developed countries are not as strict therefore pollution there migh t be bigger. This concern Starbucks as it acquires its products in third world countries. To show its responsibility, Starbucks has created Starbucks shared out Planet Tm, which has 3 commitments sourcing our coffee ethically, acting as good stewards of the environment, and being actively complex in our communities (Starbucks 2010). The company aims to minimize the negative effect it gives to the earth, tackle climate change and encourage others to follow their footsteps.The company is focused on reducing the environmental effects by using disposable cups, increasing cycle policies and reducing the use of energy. Moral obligations The power of using and moving resources from country to county and controlling it is constrained not only by regulations but also by social responsibility which is the consequences of economic actions (Hill 2009). Theorists insist that for the advantage the companies get from nations, the organisations should give something back to the societies to mak e equilibrium.Therefore social responsibility refers to the honourable behaviour of the company in the response to the participation of certain agents to their success. Starbucks highly values its suppliers and the communities they are based in. Therefore the company is involved in local charities and campaigns. Since 2001, Starbucks has contributed $126 million to communities in cash and in-kind donations and has supported nearly 1. 5 million voluntary hours (Starbucks 2010). The company wants to make the difference I the communities its plants operate.Starbucks want to provide good environments to their suppliers and employees so that it could be transferred to the customers later on. Conclusion It can be clearly seen that due to converging markets businesses are trying to expand internationally. Starbucks Coffee Company is not an exception. It now has the largest share of the market and continues to grow. However, not all of the countries converge in the same way, which makes s ome of them still very distant. Therefore Starbucks has to adapt different marketing strategies worldwide.This can be resulted in the criticism by anti-globalisation movement, which raises important questions on business ethics. It can be seen that Starbucks has faced a number of problems considering employment practises and human rights, however it is heading towards strong business ethics concept by trying to adapt similar employment processes offering benefits, having human rights protection protocol, participating in local communities and load-bearing(a) the reduction of economical pollution. References 1. Hill, C. W. L. (2009) International Business Competing in the Global Marketplace. th edn. New York McGraw-Hill/Irwin. 2. Brassington, F. & Pettitt, S. (2003) Principles of selling. fourth edn. London Prentice Hall. 3. Marques, J. F. (2008) Spiritual Performance from the Organisational Perspective a Starbucks Way, Corporate Governance. 8 (3), pp. 248-257. 4. Vrontis, D. , Th rassou, A. & Lamprianou, I. (2009) International Marketing Adaptation versus Standardisation of Multinational Companies, International Marketing Review. 26 (4/5), pp. 477-500. University of Oxford. (2010) Frascati Definition of Research. Online. Available at http//www. dmin. ox. ac. uk/rso/applying/frascati. shtml (Accessed 3 December 2010). Colorado State University. (2010) Writing CSU Online. Available at http//writing. colostate. edu/guides/research/casestudy/pop2a. cfm (Accessed 5 December 2010) Starbucks Coffee. (2010) Starbucks Company Profile. Online. Available at http//www. starbucks. com/assets/company-profile-feb10. pdf (Accessed 13 December 2010). Global Exchange. (2003) Lattes for all Starbucks plans global expansion. Online. Available at http//www. globalexchange. org/campaigns/fairtrade/coffee/662. tml (Accessed 13 December 2010). Pajamadeen. (2008) Why Starbucks Failed in Australia. Online. Available at http//www. pajamadeen. com/tag/starbucks (Accessed 13 December 2 010). University of Florida. (2010) cultural Imperialism. Online. Available at http//iml. jou. ufl. edu/projects/Spring01/Poux/Cultural%20Imperialism. html (Accessed 15 December 2010). Spiked. (2008) Starbucks and the socialismof fools. Online. Available at http//www. spiked-online. com/index. php/site/article/5547/ (Accessed 9 December 2010). Business Week. (2005) Starbucks Selling the American Bean. Online Available at http//www. businessweek. com/innovate/ meaning/dec2005/id20051201_506349. htm (Accessed 11 December 2010). Organic Consumers Association. (2010) Starbucks Grinding Labor By Doug Nielson. Online. Available at http//www. organicconsumers. org/starbucks/grinding. cfm (Accessed 13 December 2010). The Telegraph. (2010) Bahrain human rights petition Starbucks. Online. Available at http//www. telegraph. co. uk/news/worldnews/middleeast/bahrain/8191731/Bahrain-human-rights-petition-Starbucks. html (Accessed 13 December 2010).

My Personal Ethics and What They Mean to Me Essay

Everyone has their get personalized moral philosophy, for me this concocts being honest to my self in everything I do. I use my personal ethics to help in making choices that affect every aspect of my life. Personal ethics for me mean that I choose to be who I am and dont let separates effect the itinerary I think or be wel beat. Ethics are what makes us who we are and how we react to situations. In schooltime it is important to have personal ethics, this helps us to be honest, uphold the academic integrity, and be able to keep company the rules that are set for us. When at work, home or while dealing with others your personal ethics occur into play.People dont even realize that they use these every day to make choices that depart affect them. I always think before I say something and how it will affect the other person. There are some who do not do this however, and for them their personal ethics are different. I find it hard to understand those who do not have the same kin d of personal ethics as myself. I deal the reason why others do not think as I do, but it is hard to understand when someone is mean or dishonest and thinks nothing of it. I have always tried to be an honest and caring person.I take care of others and I am responsible for a lot of their personal items. I have to deal with small amounts of their money, cell phones, clothing, and jewelry every day. Without my ethics I would think nothing of taking things that didnt belong to me. I know that I have had coworkers who have done this and I hate that it happened. They of course are no longstanding working here. It amazes me that people have bad personal ethics that they can even think some doing something to someone who has been placed in their care. I will as long as I snappy use my personal ethics to make me a better person to all I come in contact with.

What Makes Us Human

Anthropologists severalise that we are earthly concern because of evolution. The portion of DNA that is responsible for the structure of proteins is 99. 4% common in homos and chimpanzees. Anthropologists say that we are humans because of evolution. The portion of DNA that is responsible for the structure of proteins is 99. 4% common in humans and chimpanzees. The dictionary says that human beings are individuals of the genus Homo, or more specifically, Homo sapiens. That only answers the anthropological aspect of what denounces us human.Paul Bae also takes the anthropological stance on humankind saying that Changes caused by evolution and time make us human. When asked what separates humans from animals, he replied saying human minds are more developed than animals, allowing humans to be at the top of the food chain. Psychologists say a distinctive quality in humans is the cognitive process. The cognitive process is a demonstration of the central ability humans possess that d efine us. more(prenominal) simply, it is our ability to think and make decisions. The brain plays the about crucial intermit in the cognitive process.The part of the brain that differentiates the human brain from brains of other species is the rational cortex. The cerebral cortex controls senses, thoughts, language and memory. The brain plays the most crucial part in the cognitive process. The part of the brain that differentiates the human brain from brains of other species is the cerebral cortex. The cerebral cortex controls senses, thoughts, language and memory. Aaron Marentette agrees with psychologists and says The thing that makes us humans is our ability to make smart choices and sightly choices in general. When he was asked the question of what dispute there is between humans and animals, he responded, saying The difference is that we use up undergone evolution and therefore, have become more civil. Finally, sociologists say that the factor that makes humans human is culture. socialization is simply the ideas, abilities, and behaviours people have acquired to become members of society. nuance is always evolving in society and the world and it principally unique to the human species. Above tillage plays a huge part in shaping humans.Culture affects how we direct each other and interact. Above Culture plays a huge part in shaping humans. Culture affects how we treat each other and interact. Below Culture is specific to humans. Animals indicate SOME aspects of culture scarce it is ingrained by genetic programming. Humans bay window change their environment and pass the changes onto their children. Below Culture is specific to humans. Animals indicate SOME aspects of culture but it is ingrained by genetic programming. Humans can change their environment and pass the changes onto their children.Max Nascimento believes that we are human because humans have free will and have the ability to conquer anything we envision. His thoughts on the var iation between humans and animals are that animals walk on quadruple legs, act on instinct, and dont have a conscience. All three answers to what makes us human are correct. Evolution make us human through changes in DNA. The cognitive process made us human through our ability to problem solve and think. And finally culture shaped us into the social beings we are. They are all factors that affect humans and differentiate us from any other documentation species on this planet.

Human Resource Information Systems

INTRODUCTION spotlight automation has become a cosmos. Stand-al atomic number 53 individualal info processors argon universally utilise for word affect, and spread head sheets lease become the workhorses of office life. As a result, electronic designates argon be created virtually over in the world. Wherever calculating machines are used to carry out a function records are be generated. Records provide the uncomplicated evidence of how the functions of commonplace administration are carried out. They are the building blocks of account mightiness.In a ontogenesis morsel of organizations benevolent resources are now viewed as a source of competitive advantage. on that point is greater recognition that distinctive competencies are obtained through highly true employee skills, distinctive organizational cultures, circumspection processes, and clays. Increasingly, it is being recognized that competitive advantage buttocks be obtained with a high whole step work violence that en able-bodieds organizations to compete on the basis of securities industry responsiveness, product and service quality, differentiated products, and technological innovation.The effective management of human resources in a firm to gain a competitive advantage in the mart requires magazinely and accurate cultivation on current employees and potential drop employees in the labour market. With the evolution of computer technology, meeting this teaching requirement has been greatly enhanced through the creation of HRIS. A basic surmisal is that the effective management of employee teaching for decision introducers go forth be the critical process that helps.A HRIS is concerned with activities think to employees and potential employees of the organization. Because the human resources function relates to all other functional areas in the vexation, the HRIS plays a valuable federal agency in ensuring organizational success. Some of the activities performed by t he HRIS are workforce analysis and planning, hiring, training, job and task denomination and many other personnel related issues (Stair R,2006,241). THE EVOLUTION OF HRISIn the 1980s, office automation began to appear on the landscape, and HRIS were developed as a special category of office automation systems (OAS). At first it seemed the emphasis was on developing systems as cheaply as possible. The replacement of hoi polloi with software was seen as the main advantage. or else than have HR managers maintain extensive employee records, data-entry technicians would enter data once into a system and modify records as necessary. Today, however, HRIS would be to a greater extent accurately viewed as a hybrid of several classical types of randomness systems.Along with OAS capabilities, current HRIS include features of performance processing systems (TPS), decision support systems (DSS) and communication systems. HRIS may comprise complete software for any of the primary areas of use for schooling systems in HR management. These areas include employee record management, honorarium and benefits, recruitment and retention, training and development, performance appraisal, and promotion and succession planning.It became evident as HRIS took hold in the somatic culture that a quality HRIS could provide valuable information to the organization in managing one of its close to valuable assets the organizations human resources. As top management began to put pressure on HR managers to use HRIS, it was becoming clear that by collecting and processing more and more information in a timely manner, the value added was in the use of the data in decision fashioning and not in the actual system used for collection and storage.This evolution has resulted in firms being able to leverage HRIS for administrative and strategicalal competitive advantage. WHY THE NEED FOR HRIS IN humankind RESOURCE way Using HRIS gives firms several benefits. They include the following Pr oviding a comprehensive information picture as a single, integrated database this enables organizations to provide structural connectivity across units and activities and to increase the speed of information minutes. Increasing competitiveness by improving HR trading operations and management processes Collecting appropriate data and converting them to information and knowledge for ameliorate timeliness and quality of decision making Producing a greater number and variety of accurate and real time HR-related reports Streamlining and enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of HR administrative functions Shifting the focus of HR from the processing of transactions to strategic HRM Reengineering HR processes and functions Improving employee satisfaction by delivering HR services more quickly and accurately TYPES OF HUMAN RESOURCES INFORMATION SYSTEMS Although there are multiple classifications of computer-based systems, these the most basic types of systems that are most readily use to the HR context and for use within an HRIS Transaction Processing Systems Managers need systems that proceed track of the primary activities and transactions of the organization such(prenominal) as payroll, sales, receipts, cash deposits and the flow of material in an organization. Transaction processing system provides this kind of information.This is a computerized system that performs and records the daily routine transactions necessary to conduct argumentation such as employee record keeping and payroll. This type of system is used as operational direct and at this level tasks, resources and goals are predefined and highly structured (Laudon K, 2012,76). When using a transaction processing system for payroll processing, a payroll system keeps track of money paid to employees. An employees time sheet with their number of hours worked per week is an example of a single transaction.The system overly supplies data to the business on employee defrayment history for insura nce, pension and other benefit calculations to the firms human resources function. The overall aim of this system is to improve transaction speed and accuracy, improve efficiency in the processing of daily business transactions, automate routine transactions and reduce transaction lives centering study System This type of system serves the level of nerve management and provides managers with reports on the organizations current performance.This information can be used to monitor and control the business and predict future performance. This system summarizes and reports on the companys basic operations using data from the transaction processing systems. The basic transaction data is compressed and usually presented in the form of reports that are produced on a regular schedule and many of these reports can today be found online. Management information systems serve managers primarily interested in weekly, monthly and yearly results.These systems are also used to answer routine qu estions that have been specified in advance and have a predefined effect for respond them as opposed to sophisticated mathematical models or statistical techniques (Laudon K, 2012,77-78). The main focus of this system is to provides bring up data to managers, supports regular and on-going decisions as well as provides defined and ad-hoc reporting. Decision support systems In contrast to management information systems this system supports more non- routine decision making. They focus on problems that are funny and rapidly changing.For which the procedure for arriving at a solution may not be fully predefined in advance. Although this system uses internal information from both the above systems they often bring in data from outer sources such as prices of competitors (Laudon K, 2012, 78) These systems use a variety of models to analyse the data and are designed so that users can work with them directly. The systems main concern is to provide interactive managerial decision making , support divination and what-if analysis and support business simulations.It can be used to assess staffing needs, analyse the labour market and assess employee skills Executive support systems Helps senior managers address questions like what will the employment level be in five years? They deal with non-routine decisions requiring judgement, evaluation and insight because there is no agreed procedure for arriving at a solution. This system presents graphs and data from many sources through an interface that is easy for senior managers to use.These systems are designed to incorporate data about external events such as new tax laws or competitors but they also use summarized information from internal management information systems and decision support systems (Laudon K, 2012, 80). The primary focus of this system is to provide aggregate high-level data, to helps managers with long term planning and support strategic direction and decisions. It can be used to assist HR managers wit h succession planning which means having a systematic process where managers identify, assess and develop their staff to make sure they are ready to affect key roles within the company.Enterprise resource planning systems are used to integrate business processes in human resources as well as manufacturing and production, finance and accounting and sales and marketing into a single system. Information that was previously separated into many different systems is stored into a single comprehensive system where it can be used in many different parts of the business. Managers are able to use firm-wide information to make more precise and timely decisions about daily operations and long term planning as well as share data across functional boundaries (Laudon K, 2012, 81).ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF HRIS SYSTEMS Widespread Access Traditionally, records and archives have been created and maintained in paper form as animal(prenominal) objects. Their physical state limits entrance to a specific time and place only one person can use a record at one time and only in one physical location. Producing multiple copies is expensive and time consuming, requiring access to photocopiers or printers. Duplication also leads to confusion about which of many versions of a document is the appointed record.Electronic records, on the other hand, can be shared widely and they can be accessed and used by several people at the same time, even if they are in different places. In environments where resources are scarce or distances are great, the ability to provide access to information without the boundaries of time or spot can dramatically improve service, increase information sharing and enhance operations. In some countries, for example, the ability to share an electronic record among government offices in different parts of the country saves money and time.Copying and posting or faxing documents across thousands of miles can become prohibitively expensive and can slow down ope rations and delay decisions and actions. But even in some less developed countries, governments today are initiation computers in community outposts in rural, underdeveloped areas so that people in the area can keep abreast of government activities and world events. Flexibility HRIS enhance flexibility in the creation, storage, use and management of information and records. In a paper environment, records are created, received and filed in one office, and they accumulate in one place.Electronic records can be stored remotely or on CDs or flash discs, allowing people to share records and use their information resources more dynamically. Because so many people in an transcription can have access to electronically stored records at the same time, they can carry out their duties without being hindered by a lack of information. They also have better access to more up-to-date information, since they can access data such as electronic records on employees or databases directly. Efficienc y and EffectivenessThe use of information technologies improves information handling and allows for the speedy convalescence of records and information through electronic search facilities. As a result, insurance makers can make informed decisions quickly and effectively, contributing to the effectiveness of the organisation. Further, when the retrieval of records and information happens swiftly and decisions are made on time, the image of the organisation improves as it is seen to be reliable, capable and responsive to the needs of its clients or the public.Certainly, if someone knows where records are stored, whether in paper or electronic form, he or she can come back them in good time, but too often knowledge about where manual records can be found maybe held by only one person in the organisation, and if he or she is not available then access to records is delayed. And once the volume of records reaches a certain point, no one person can remember where everything is. Well-des igned HRIS will facilitate easy retrieval of electronic information, improving the speed and quality of service.Economic Benefits In the paper environment where records are physical objects, their accumulation requires ever-increasing amounts of space, including office space, shelves, filing cabinets and storage boxes. some(prenominal) staff members may be needed to carry out routine procedural work such as filing documents and retrieving boxes. Through the use of new technologies, organisations are able to economise in equipment casualty of storage space, as HRIS can store large volumes of data and records in a small physical space.Database management systems, electronic mail systems, web and multimedia software programs are all good examples of information technologies that can store far more information than traditional paper records storage systems. In a well-managed organisation, it is also possible to manage staff resources more effectively. Much of the day-to-day work of fi ling and retrieval will be done by officers throughout the organisation as part of their daily routine, passing time for other staff to participate more actively in activities such as appraisal.General ancestry Opportunities The professional image of an organisation can be enhanced by improved information flow, and the organisation may be able to take on more complex work because it is more efficient and cost-effective. HRIS can improve communications, reduce the loss of essential information, speed up the completion of projects and increase public awareness of the organisation. The use of technologies also exposes organisations to communities outside of their normal client base, locally, regionally, nationally and internationally.Auditing Capabilities Well-designed records and document management systems also allow an organisation to regulate and oversee actions and decisions. Many HRIS include mechanisms to maintain audit trails, encouraging more accountable record keeping and p romote compliance across the organisation. HRIS Disadvantages An HRIS also can be a problematic for small businesses in which some employees must wear many hats. If your company isnt galactic enough to have a dedicated human resources technology specialist, consider outsourcing.Some of the disadvantages of an HRIS involve human flaw during information input, costly technology to update your system and malfunctions or insufficient applications to support your human resources needs. There is a demand for computer and technology specialists with general information technology knowledge, and finding a pendant specialist with human resources functional area knowledge can be difficult. With such a demand, your cost to hire an HRIS specialist may be far above the average salary for a computer technology specialist.The cost per-hire for another employee in a specialized field may be a stretch for some small businesses. CONCLUSION It is obvious as we move into the 21st century that data w ill drive an increasing number of business decisions and strategies. HRIS is an excellent example of an area where businesses can benefit not only on administrative cost savings, but also on leveraging a strategic advantage through information gathering, processing, and sharing.Despite certain potential pitfalls, it appears that HRIS are now todays cutting-edge software for effective human resources management. We are only now beginning to realize the potential not only within the HR function, but organization-wide. What was once a future vision is reality and HR managers should jump aboard immediately. If they do not, the train is about to pick up speed rapidly, and they will be left behind.